谷佳杰
（西南政法大學(xué)，重慶401120）
摘要：《民法典》的實(shí)施需要民事強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行法的協(xié)調(diào)和銜接。一方面《民法典》新制度的實(shí)施需要民事強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行規(guī)范予以協(xié)調(diào)；另一方面，民事強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行立法需要以《民法典》實(shí)施為契機(jī)進(jìn)一步完善。民事實(shí)體法、民事訴訟法與民事強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行法構(gòu)成了自下而上的階層邏輯，三者是三個(gè)平行的法律部門，相互之間不存在上位法與下位法以及一般法與特別法之關(guān)系。而由于我國民事實(shí)體法中行為規(guī)范的作用與民事訴訟法學(xué)的貧困化，造成民事強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行法逆向補(bǔ)充規(guī)則，使得三者呈現(xiàn)逆向的位階構(gòu)造。在現(xiàn)有規(guī)則的協(xié)調(diào)方面，民事強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行法不宜確立執(zhí)行平等原則，應(yīng)刪除執(zhí)行時(shí)效而直接適用訴訟時(shí)效，矯正執(zhí)行當(dāng)事人變更追加的不合理規(guī)定，取消案外人實(shí)體性執(zhí)行救濟(jì)中的案外人異議、建立債務(wù)人異議之訴以及廢除執(zhí)行回轉(zhuǎn)。在立法制度的銜接方面，民事強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行立法應(yīng)將涉居住權(quán)執(zhí)行視為涉租賃權(quán)執(zhí)行、對無形財(cái)產(chǎn)采取分散立法且完善對債權(quán)執(zhí)行的規(guī)定以及進(jìn)一步明確對夫妻債務(wù)的執(zhí)行規(guī)則。
關(guān)鍵詞：民法典；民事強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行法；實(shí)體法與執(zhí)行法的關(guān)系；訴訟法與執(zhí)行法的關(guān)系；逆向補(bǔ)充規(guī)則
The Implementation of the Civil Code and the Coordination and Connection of the Civil Compulsory Execution Law
GU Jia-jie
（Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120,China ）
Abstract:The implementation of the Civil Code needs the coordination and connection of the civil compulsory execution law. On the one hand, the coordination of the civil compulsory execution law is needed to implement the Civil Code’s new system. On the other hand, the legislation of the civil compulsory execution law is supposed to grasp this chance to further improve itself with the implementation of the Civil Code. Civil substantive law, civil procedure law and civil compulsory execution law constitute a hierarchy logic from the bottom to the top. They are three parallel legal departments, which means that there is no relationship between higher-level law and lower-level law, or between general law and special law. Due to the function of the code of conduct in the civil substantive law and the impoverishment of the civil procedural law, the civil compulsory execution law supplement relative rules reversely and the three show a reverse order structure. In terms of the coordination of the existing rules, the principle of equality is not suitable for the civil compulsory execution law. Meanwhile, the limitation of execution should be changed by the limitation of action directly and the unreasonable rules of changing and adding enforcement parties should be corrected. Also, the objection system of outsider in the substantive execution relief and recovery of execution need canceling and the lawsuit of the debtor is supposed to be established. In terms of the connection of the legislative system, the civil enforcement legislation should regard the enforcement of residence rights as one which connected to lease rights, and adopt decentralized legislation on intangible property. In the same time, it should improve the rules about the enforcement of creditor's rights, and further clarify the enforcement rules for husband and wife's debts.
Key words: civil code；civil compulsory execution law；relationship between substantive law and procedural law；relationship between procedural law and execution law；reverse supplement to relative rules
